Definition
A ULD (Unit Load Device) is any type of pallet or container used to consolidate and secure air cargo. ULDs are crucial for making shipments compatible with aircraft loading systems, which helps airlines maximize space and minimize ground handling time.
Types of ULDs
ULDs typically come in two standard forms:
• ULD Pallets: Large, standardized sheets of aluminum with net attachments, used to stack and secure cargo.
• ULD Containers: Specific containers (often aluminum or fiberglass) designed to fit precisely within an aircraft's contours (e.g., LD3, LD9).
Core Function
The primary function of a ULD is cargo consolidation. Instead of loading dozens of individual packages (loose cargo) onto an airplane one by one, cargo is bundled into a single, standardized unit. This consolidation assists the air carrier with the efficient loading, securing, and unloading of air freight during transit, enhancing both speed and security.
Consolidation Methods
Air cargo consolidation can be managed in two main ways:
1. Carrier Consolidation: Cargo is tendered loose to the airline. The airline’s ground handlers take multiple loose shipments (often from different shippers) and load them into a single ULD before placing it on the aircraft.
2. Shipper Direct Loading: The shipper or freight forwarder can book the entire ULD container and load the shipment themselves at origin. This process allows for quicker turnaround at destination, as a trucker can pick up the entire sealed ULD and deliver it to the consignee's warehouse for immediate deconsolidation.
Expert Advice
Understanding ULD availability and standard dimensions (which are highly specific to aircraft type, such as wide-body versus narrow-body jets) is critical for effective air freight planning. When dealing with high-volume or sensitive cargo, utilizing a full ULD container allows the shipper to control the packing process, potentially reducing transit damage and eliminating intermediary handling fees associated with loose cargo.
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